What Happens If I Fail the Naturalization Test?
Not passing part of the test on your first try is more common than people expect, and it generally isn't the end of the process.
The general retest process
If you don't pass a portion of the English or civics test at your initial interview, USCIS generally schedules a second interview, typically within a defined window, to retest you only on the portion you didn't pass.
What happens if you don't pass the second time
If you don't pass the retest either, your application may be denied, though you generally retain the right to file a new application later once you feel better prepared, or in some cases to request a hearing on the denial.
How to prepare for a retest
Focus specifically on the portion you missed rather than restudying everything, consider structured practice like flashcards or mock interviews, and give yourself real time between the first interview and the retest to actually improve.